Subnetting Kya Hota Hai?
Subnetting ka matlab hota hai:
👉 Ek bade network ko chhote-chhote networks me divide karna.
Jaise:
- Ek school me alag classes hoti hain
- Waise hi ek network ko alag parts me divide kar dete hain
Isse:
- Network fast hota hai
- Traffic kam hota hai
- Security better hoti hai
6
CIDR Notation Kya Hai?
CIDR ka full form hai:
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
Ye batata hai:
👉 IP address ka kitna part Network hai aur kitna Host hai.
Example:
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.0/24
Yaha:
- 192.168.1.1= Network part
- /24 = First 24 bits network ke liye
Matlab:
- 24 bits Network
- Baaki 8 bits Host
Easy Example
Socho ek building hai:
- Building ka address = Network
- Room number = Host
IP address bhi aise hi hota hai.
Example:
| Part | Meaning |
| 192.168.1 | Network |
| .10 | Device/Host |
CIDR Table Easy Form
| CIDR | Subnet Mask | Hosts |
| /8 | 255.0.0.0 | Bahut zyada |
| /16 | 255.255.0.0 | Medium |
| /24 | 255.255.255.0 | 254 Hosts |
7
Subnetting Example
Agar hamare paas network hai:
192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
Aur hame ise 2 parts me divide karna hai:
To subnetting ke baad ho sakta hai:
- 192.168.1.0/25
- 192.168.1.128/25
Matlab:
- Pehla half alag network
- Dusra half alag network
6
Simple Yaad Rakhne Ka Trick
- CIDR → Network size batata hai
- Subnetting → Network ko divide karta hai
Real Life Use
Subnetting use hota hai:
- Offices
- Schools
- Data Centers
- WiFi Networks
- ISPs
Taaki har department ka alag network ho sake.
Example:
- HR Department
- Accounts
- CCTV
- Guest WiFi
Sabka alag subnet ban sakta hai.
Decimal aur Binary dono number system hote hain, lekin inka base alag hota hai.
Decimal Number System (Base 10)
Hum daily life me jo numbers use karte hain wo Decimal system hota hai.
Isme 10 digits hote hain:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Example:
- 25
- 100
- 786
4
Binary Number System (Base 2)
Computer aur networking me Binary use hota hai.
Isme sirf 2 digits hote hain:
0 aur 1
Example:
- 1010
- 1111
- 10000000
5
Main Difference
| Decimal | Binary |
| Base 10 | Base 2 |
| Digits: 0–9 | Digits: 0–1 |
| Humans use daily | Computers use internally |
| Example: 25 | Example: 11001 |
Example Samjho
Decimal 5 ko Binary me
510=10125_{10}=101_{2}510=1012
Yaha:
- Left side decimal number hai
- Right side binary number hai
Matlab decimal 5 ka binary form 101 hota hai.
Easy Trick
Computer ke andar:
- 0 = OFF
- 1 = ON
Isi ON/OFF system ki wajah se computers Binary language samajhte hain.
